ABSTRACT
This study presents the effects of powder date stones on lipid fractions [total cholesterol, total lipids, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol] of the plasma and liver of rats, as well as fatty acid composition and the activities of liver function enzymes. These enzymes include plasma glutamate pyruvate, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and g-glutamyl transferase were tested in rats, fed synthetic diet which were supplemented with different concentrations of powder date stones 0.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0% [8 rats for each group] for 5 weeks. As well as determined of chemical composition and minerals in powder of dale stones. The results of chemical Composition for date stones powder were 7.84%, 2.88%, 13.76%, 4.01%, and 71.5!% for crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and NFE on dry matter respectively, Mineral content of date stones powder was 687.5, 64, 65.5, 55, 4.5, 2.15 and 1.23 mg/100g for K, Ca, P, Mg. Na, Fe and Cu on dry matter respectively. The body weight gain of rats has significant increase in group 3, with level 4.Og powder stones /100 g diet, comparing with control group. The feed intake in group 2, with level 2.0g powder stones /100 g diet, significantly increased in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th week [93.73, 98.90 and 100.8 gm. /day respectively] comparing with control group. While in the end of 5th week, it was significantly increased in group 3 comparing with control group 105.78 gm. /day. The relative weight of spleen and heart in group 4, with level 6.0g powder stones /100 g diet, significantly decreased comparing with control group. Also, the relative weight of kidney and liver for group 3 significantly decreased comparing with control group. Group 2 significantly decreased in plasma total cholesterol and plasma LDL-cholesterol comparing with control. In compatible, plasma total lipid, triglycerides and plasma VLDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in group 4 [170.6, 175.5, 160.6, 181.8 and 190.9 mg/dl. respectively] comparing with control group. On the other hand, plasma HDL cholesterol significantly increased in group 2 comparing with control group. Total cholesterol, total lipid and triglyceride of liver were significantly decreased in group 4 [4.1, 30.7and 19.76 mg/g respectively] comparing with control group. The fatty acids composition in liver was Palmitic [C16:0], Palmitoleic [C16:1], Stearic [Cl8:0], Linoleic [C18:2], Linolenic [C18:3] and Lignoceric [C24:0], which were significantly increased comparing with control group. This study showed that date palm pollen grains played a role in lowering lipid fractions and protected the liver by maintenance of liver function enzymes activity